Rupert the Rook

In my last post I mentioned that a Rook was the likely cause of the loss of one nest (K43) on Monday 23rd May. Well, I'm afraid to say my suspicions were correct & unfortunately the Rook was back in again on Wednesday...and Thursday...AND Friday!!! It appears that Rupert (the Rook) is a rogue non-breeder who sussed out that mid-week periods of poor weather result in very few people out & about walking along the dunes leaving plenty of opportunity for it to pop in for a few nests then pop out again before anyone would notice! It also had a nasty habit of doing this while the on duty warden was at the opposite end of the colony so a rather cruel game of cat & mouse (or warden & Rook) ensued for a few days. On one occasion the Rook attacked the north end of the K-colony whilst I was monitoring nests at the southern end. In the short space of time it took me to run the 200m to where the Rook had landed in it had already munched 3 nests! That was the kind of determination we were up against! The majority of nests lost were taken on Wednesday/Thursday with the number of attacks decreasing pretty quickly once the weather started getting better around the weekend & more people were out & about walking along the beach/path. Continuous human presence it seems was the best deterrent. All in all a total of 16 nests with 35 eggs were predated by the Rook, which was a serious blow to the colony. Thankfully there has been no sign of Rupert for the past few days now so lets hope he's in a bad way somewhere suffering from the ill effects of high cholesterol due to all those eggs he ate!

K40 - safe & unpredated! © Niall Keogh

Little Tern bringing in a sandeel for it's mate © Niall Keogh

Another two nests (K32 & K55) have abandoned, for reasons unknown. I've heard a theory that prolonged spells of bad weather often result in abandonment so perhaps the high winds had something to do with it? The Peregrine made another pass over the K-colony early on Monday morning taking an adult Little Tern (that's 2 now so far) which to be honest wasn't unexpected. What was unexpected though was the predation of an adult Little Tern by an adult Great Black-backed Gull on Sunday afternoon! The gull was migrating north along the coast when it passed through a flock of terns. It must have seen an opportunity for an easy meal as it whacked an adult Little Tern which then fell to the water & was promptly pounced upon and SWALLOWED WHOLE by the gull! This is the first time that predation by a Great Black-backed Gull has been confirmed at the colony since wardening began in the mid 1980's. The gull continued on travelling north as soon as it had finished with the tern so I wouldn't be too worried about it as it appears to have been an opportunistic one-off event (although I have since been giving all the gulls migrating past the colony the old evil eye!).

DON'T PANIC!!! I think it's time for a bit of positive news for a change! With regards those nest lost to the Rook, well it's still early enough in the season for them to re-lay and it appears that some of them are already beginning to do so (it generally takes 7-10 days after predation for a re-lay to appear). Furthermore there was an arrival of about 20 new birds at the colony early last week & they too have settled down to breed with quite a few new nests found over the past couple of days. As such we currently have 50 active nests with 101 eggs so we're making up for lost nests in no time! With any luck there'll be a run of new nests (hopefully involving those re-lays) over the next week. We're also expecting our first chick to hatch any day now too! There's a couple of nests which have eggs with cracks on the shell so there's obviously a beak poking at it from the inside! My money is on the first chick hatched tomorrow in nest K6.

K6 eggs on the brink of hatching. Cracks in the shell visible & all! © Niall Keogh

Volunteers Siobhan & Riona with warden Jason fixing up some chick shelters which are due to go out today! © Niall Keogh 

Little Terns in evening light © Niall Keogh

Things had quietened down for a while on the bird front with the best of the action last week again at sea during the high winds when decent numbers of Manx Shearwaters were noted (e.g. 1,500 heading south in an hour & a half on 25th) with some Storm Petrels knocking about too, 4 Common Scoter heading north on 27th and up to 4 Great Northern Divers & 2 Red-throated Divers also loafing offshore. A Balearic Shearwater heading south with the Manxies on 25th was quite early & a great local record of this Critically Endangered seabird (more on this species in the coming weeks - watch this space!). 

The feral Barnacle Goose made a reappearance in Webb's field on 25th, a pair of Shoveler were seen in the area with 6 young recently which is an excellent breeding record for this species & a pair of Teal are also present but don't seem to have bred. The Breaches estuary outflow was blocked for a few days after a southerly wind but as soon as it was opened the waders began to arrive. Yesterday saw some particularly nice movements of species like Sanderling (22), Knot (2), Bar-tailed Godwit (2), Black-tailed Godwit (5), Dunlin (13), Turnstone (8), Curlew (1) & Whimbrel (13). Other migrant species recorded in recent days include an adult Arctic Tern passing through on 28th, a 1st-summer Little Gull & 3 Mediterranean Gulls moving north yesterday afternoon & best of all a super close, low-flying Osprey with a whole gang of raucous Oystercatchers & gulls in attendance, heading slowly north over The Breaches yesterday evening at 19:30!!! An great bird which myself, Jason & Cole all got to see as well as two other birders who raced up to Killiney Hill in south Dublin and caught it moving inland over Bray & Shankill half an hour later! 

There's also a pair of Cuckoos hanging around the Sea Buckthorn bushes in recent days which have attracted a lot of attention from members of the public who are enjoying great views of these rather tame birds. The flip side of this however is that the Cuckoos are spending quite a bit of time feeding on caterpillars along the path by the K-colony & inadvertently spooking the terns as a result (the terns think the Cuckoo is a bird of prey it would seem which is fair enough as they look a bit like a mix of Sparrowhawk & Kestrel in flight!). Saying that, this has meant we've been getting good flock counts on the Little Terns with 114 adult birds seen yesterday!

Cuckoo on the K-colony fence © Niall Keogh

The 3 Bottlenose Dolphins & the Otter continue to be seen regularly & showing well too. The dolphins were jumping around all over the place yesterday evening really close offshore from the K-colony which was great to see!

Anyways, there should be a flurry of new nests & chicks hatching over the next 2 weeks so why not pop down for a visit?

Until next time!

Niall

Hows about that weather?!

A bit windy yeah? A load of fun that was...the fences are bent, the hide is tilted, marquees imploded but at least the caravans are still standing (just about!). Using the Port-a-loo in a Force 8 wind is also an experience to say the least! Anyways, enough of that...onto the birds!

The number of adult Little Terns present seems to be staying put at about 110 birds which fits in nicely with the number of pairs floating about at the moment. With any luck a new batch of birds will arrive in the next 2 weeks but until then we have, as of this morning, 51 active nests with 115 eggs! The tally would be slightly higher except for 2 tern nests (K3 & K21) which appear to have abandoned already. Terns will normally only abandon their nest after significant disturbance/predation or when they have laid too late in the season, so it is odd that these two have given up (for now) as early on as this. They still have quite some time however to get another clutch on the go if they wish to do so. 

I was trying to come up with possible explanations for abandonment over the past fews days (perhaps they were young & inexperienced? or perhaps they knew the eggs were infertile already?) but on Sunday morning Jason saw the 'resident' Peregrine swoop across the K-colony & nab an adult Little Tern! With so few non-breeders hanging about it is likely that a breeding bird was taken so this may well the cause of one nest abandonment? Hard to say really. The Peregrine has been seen 'attacking' the colony up to 3 times in an afternoon over the past few days & is causing some serious panic amongst the terns, causing them to take off & flock out at sea on a regular basis meaning that the nests are often exposed more regularly than they should be. The knock on effect of this is that there's a couple of Hooded Crows & an adult Rook hanging about the K-colony testing the defence capabilities of both the terns & the wardens! Unfortunately one nest on the edge of the K-colony (K43) vanished some time yesterday afternoon, with the likely culprit being the adult Rook....I know this because it tried to do it again right in front of me! After a bit of yelling & flailing of arms the Rook promptly left. I've also found that shouting 'Oi!' at the Peregrine also works for a short while...

Anyways, other than the aforementioned nests lost over the past couple of days, I'm happy to report that everything else is going well. Only 3 nests have yet to finish laying so all the rest are busy incubating & are on the home stretch leading up to hatching. The week of high tides has past with no negative effects. Some minor readjustments to the seaward fence needs to be made after the strong winds but that's no problem.

Surveying the southern half of the K-colony © Niall Keogh

Our two pairs of Oystercatchers are still incubating whilst the 4 pairs of Ringed Plover currently have a total of 15 chicks running about like there's no tomorrow! See some pics of the plover chicks on Siobhan McNamara's Drimnagh Birdwatch blog - http://drimnaghbirdwatch.blogspot.com/2011/05/little-tern-colony-kilcoole.html

One advantage of the windy weather is that there has been some nice seabird passage with Manx Shearwaters & Gannets showing particularly well, feeding very close offshore at times. After doing a few tern incubation checks yesterday morning I took a quick look out to sea expecting to catch a few 'Manxies' drifting past but instead saw two cracking adult Long-tailed Skuas zip through my field of view! A subsequent 2 hour seawatch notched up a pale phase Arctic Skua, good numbers of Black Guillemots, 3 summer plumaged Great Northern Divers, 4,500+ Manx Shearwaters & 3 Bottlenose Dolphins! Two Storm Petrels were loafing about offshore later that morning. The wader passage has died off now, save for some nice flocks of Sanderling moving north (e.g. 28 on 21st). The best of the rest include a pair of Red-breasted Mergansers flying south on Friday, a male Tufted Duck in Stringer's channels on Saturday & the Otter which is still knocking about in the evenings.

Little Tern egg & nest variation © Niall Keogh

Predators aplenty

A quick update with a few pics for you guys today. Lots of new nests found over the past few days with the tallies now reaching 36 active Little Tern nests with 86 eggs! The bulk of these (31) are found in the main K-colony whilst 5 nests are located south of The Breaches in the sub N-colony. No more losses to corvids since my last post but a Hooded Crow continues to hang around the very southern limits of the colony whilst a juvenile Rook is being a bit of a nuisance around the north, thankfully the terns are still giving both of them a hard time!

Lots more action from other predators around the area though. A male Peregrine has made a couple of attempts at catching adult terns but remains unsuccessful, a male Kestrel has been hunting lizards in the dunes right inside the K-colony fencing & is getting a lot of grief from the terns for it, a Buzzard even soared right over the colony a couple of days ago, causing a bit of a panic amongst the terns & there's a least 3 Foxes patrolling the fields inland from the colony with one in particular out & about early in the evening. No sign of any Hedgehogs....yet!

We've had to be mindful of the current high tides (as a result of the full moon), as the seaward section of fencing & low nests are vulnerable if strong easterly winds were to coincide. Although the wind has been strong all week, thankfully it has been coming from the West-Southwest & should continue to do so up until the last high tide on Sunday.

Two Great Northern Divers in full summer plumage offshore from The Breaches yesterday were nice to see, the Dunlin flock has reached 50+ over the past few days & the largest flock of migrating Sanderling recorded was of 24. The Otter continues to be seen, mostly at night however. 

Female Little Tern incubating © Niall Keogh

A group of eligible bachelors on the foreshore © Niall Keogh

Cole & Jason keeping a watchful eye © Riona Howard

Niall treading carefully during nest checks! © Riona Howard  

Swallow nest © Niall Keogh

Or the warden will get ya! © Jason McGuirk

Volunteers needed

We're always happy to have a few volunteers down at the colony to lend a hand. This could involve wardening the colony for a few hours or even helping us out with a few bits of work that need to be done. Whatever you want to do is up to yourself but every little helps!


We're particularly keen to get a few volunteers down over the next 3 weeks, so if any of you guys are interested then send us an e-mail at littletern@birdwatchireland.ie


All volunteers will be 'trained' in by the wardens on what to do. No qualifications necessary!


See ya,
The Little Tern Lads!

Highs & lows

Early last Thursday (12th May) I went out to the north end of the K-colony to do my morning census (a good spot to get an accurate count of the terns). The numbers have levelled off at c.90 adult Little Terns since my last post, with approx. 70 in the K-colony & 20 in the N-colony most days. At this stage of the season, birds who haven't found a mate yet roost out on the foreshore near The Breaches whilst paired birds can be seen higher up on the beach displaying, carrying sandeels & digging some 'test' nest scrapes. 

Female Little Terns wander around the beach looking for suitable nest sites, often sitting down in one for a few minutes to see if they like it. The males are nearly always close by, following their mate & generally carrying a sandeel for her (how nice!). Sometimes the females can look like they're sitting on eggs when testing out nest scrapes but they often get up & waddle on a short while later. Birds who are actually incubating eggs sit low & tight with their wing tips often higher than the level of their head.  On Thursday morning, I spotted one tern doing just that, high up the beach in amongst some dried seaweed looking suspiciously like she was incubating! So I kept on eye on her for a while and there was no getting up & waddling off to test a new nest scrape or even a male in attendance with a fish....more suspicion! Then all the terns took flight off the beach for a bit of a dread & sure enough, the tern I was watching arrived back & landed in the same spot, pointing her beak under her belly & shuffling down as if she was readjusting  something underneath her....AN EGG!!!

I went in to check the nest site & sure enough there was a single egg all right! The relevant nest details (position, scrape size, substrate, extent of decoration etc.) were taken & it was marked as K1. I was overjoyed at the sight of the first egg of the season but at the same time was suffering from a 'mild' bout of panic...THE FENCE ISN'T FINISHED! The average laying date at Kilcoole is the 19th May & the first eggs are always found a day or two around that so needless to say we weren't expecting any at all this early! I ran back & burst into Jason's caravan, waking him up with "WE HAVE EGGS!!!" and ran back out again to the colony to look for more nests! Sure enough I picked up another tern sitting low & tight so I went out to check if she was on eggs. Every step you take when in the colony has to be a calculated one as there's always the risk of trampling an egg or chick that you're not aware of if you're not careful. On the way out to check the potential new nest I had my eyes glued to the shingle as I suspected there may be some Ringed Plover chicks knocking about & I couldn't believe it when I came across another completely different tern nest scrape with a single egg in it! So I marked this new one as K2, proceeded to make my way towards the original possible nest when I happened upon ANOTHER unknown nest with a single egg, K3! Sure enough the nest site I was originally going to check was active & even had 2 eggs in it, K4! 

K1 which now has 3 eggs © Niall Keogh

Little Terns stagger their laying with a new egg laid every second day or so until there's (usually) 2 or 3. They don't begin incubating properly until all the eggs have been laid so it's often quite difficult to pick up on new nests with the first egg as the birds spend very little time on it during the day so your chances of finding it are much reduced. I was just lucky to have found K2 & K3 on the way out to K4, but then again the terns do nest in little close groups or clusters like this. The fact that K4 had two eggs in it also means that the first one was most likely laid on Tuesday (10th)!

There was a bit of a mad dash to get the fencing finished around the K-colony as soon as the first eggs were discovered & we went right ahead & enclosed the N-colony with the remaining flexi-net, rope barriers & signs even though no nests were found in it at that stage but it's a good thing we did as the next day I found a Little Tern nest there (marked as N1)! 

Looking north through the K-colony. Most of the nests so far are either side of or in the band of seaweed © Niall Keogh  

The total number of nests found increased from 4 on Thursday to 8 on Friday, 14 on Saturday, 19 yesterday & 25 now today! Some birds have finished laying and are now incubating their clutches of 2 or 3 eggs whilst other birds are still busy popping out fresh eggs! All this early laying should hopefully result in the first hatching sometime around the first week of June & should give the young as much time as possible to strengthen up before making their first journey to Africa (although lets not get ahead of ourselves here, we still have another couple of weeks to get through before we can even think about hatching, let alone fledging!!!). There are always set backs along the way and I'm afraid to report that we've already had our first predation. Whilst out doing nest checks today, Jason noticed that two of the nests right at the south end of the N-colony (N1 & N2) were missing their eggs! It's hard to say for definite what was the cause was but it seems likely that a Hooded Crow may have been responsible. The eggs were taken clean out with no traces of eggshells or spilt yoke in the nest scrape. Foxes & Hedgehogs eat eggs at the nest scrape and leave a mess whereas crows take them away to eat. I have seen a Hooded Crow a couple of times in this area over the past few days but the terns & Oystercatchers were always quick to chase it off. Jason did manage to find a piece of eggshell further up the beach so it's likely that the eggs were consumed there. With the colony stretching a full 1km between the north end of the K-colony & the south end of the N-colony, it can be hard for the one warden on duty to chase off crows effectively so this is where volunteer wardens can come in handy! Please feel free to get in touch if you wish to do a few hours wardening for us at any stage over the summer (e-mail us at littletern@birdwatchireland.ie).

Hooded Crow © Siobhan McNamara

Thankfully the terns from N1 & N2 who lost their eggs still have plenty of time to start again at a second second clutch so we should expect to see them mate & relay during the week. As it stands, the current tallies are 23 active Little Tern nests with 52 eggs! 19 of these nests are in the K-colony with the remaining 4 nests in the N-colony.

A second pair of Oystercatchers have laid 2 eggs in the K-colony whilst the first pair in the N-colony are still incubating their 3 eggs. We've still got 3 pairs of Ringed Plover in the K-colony plus another 2 pairs in the N-colony. Up to 8 pairs of Lapwing have bred in the fields behind the tern colony & Jason was lucky enough to find a chick near the caravans yesterday!

Lapwing chick © Jason McGuirk

The 2nd calendar year Hobby that I mentioned in my last post made a re-appearance on Friday morning as it was seen drifting north from Six Mile Point over Stringer's channels. There has been no sign of the Marsh Harrier since last Tuesday but it turns out a second female type was also seen that day, flying south over Six Mile Point. An adult Peregrine made a swoop over the K-colony yesterday & tried to catch an adult tern, but thankfully failed! The male Kestrel continues to hunt along the dunes catching Viviparous Lizards and up to 3 Buzzards have been seen soaring over Stringer's farm along with a Sparrowhawk on a couple of occasions. A ringtail (i.e. female or immature) Hen Harrier was also seen yesterday. 

A Buff-breasted Sandpiper came in off the sea & landed in The Breaches on Tuesday evening (11th) which was a nice surprise! They are a rare but regular migrant from North America in Autumn but Spring records are more unusual (turns out others were seen in Wexford & Mayo too at the same time). It only spent about half an hour on site before flying off north. We also saw it give a couple of wing displays to nearby Turnstones which is something I've always wanted to see!

Buff-breasted Sandpiper (taken with a Blackberry/telescope combo!) © Jason McGuirk

A Barnacle Goose in Webb's field on Thursday was probably a feral bird or an escapee from a collection somewhere. Other highlights over the past week include a summer plumaged Great Northern Diver offshore from Newcastle & a female White Wagtail on the beach yesterday, a nice northward passage of Whimbrel (53 on Saturday) & Sanderling (12 on Friday), 50+ Dunlin feeding in The Breaches at low tide & 3 Wheatears on the rocks there too. A large swarm of St. Mark's Flies is present on the sheltered side of the Buckthorn bushes being gobbled up by Swallows, martins & Swifts. Lots of butterflies about too, mostly Common Blues & Green-veined Whites but also a Small Copper & 2 Painted Ladies. The Otter has only been seen late in evening over the past couple of days & 2 Bottlenose Dolphins were seen close offshore, travelling north past the K-colony at 11:20 on Saturday (these were most likely the 'resident' pair often seen around Dalkey & Killiney Bay).

 

Information signs & blackboards © Niall Keogh

The wardens camp - Home sweet home! © Niall Keogh

See ya,

Niall

On the up!

The weather eventually calmed down enough yesterday for us to make a start on getting the seaward fence back up. As it stands we should have the fencing around the K-colony (i.e. the section of the colony north of The Breaches, on the Kilcoole side) finished by the weekend. The section of the beach south of The Breaches, known as the N-colony (i.e. on the Newcastle side) irregularly supports breeding Little Terns from year to year. The numbers present there can range from none at all to quite significant (e.g. 15 pairs in 2010 & 20 pairs in 2009). I suspect that several pairs may nest there this year given that the extent of the K-colony section of beach is much reduced so we'll get around to fencing an area south of The Breaches as soon as we can.

The fine weather this morning finally allowed for some decent censusing too. A lovely flock of c.120 adult Little Terns were resting at the mouth of The Breaches at 06:00am, making frequent dreading flights. Many others were present higher up on the beach continuing with nest-site selection. It'll be interesting to see how the numbers pan out on the run up to the first egg being laid. Early on in the season the terns may travel widely, visiting different colonies along the East coast before they settle down to breed so we may have 50 birds one day, 80 the next, 20 the following day then 150 the day after!

We've now got 4 pairs of Ringed Plover breeding on site, consisting of 3 pairs in the K-colony with a total of 12 young (8 of which I've ringed) & a 4th pair at the N-colony currently incubating 4 eggs. Furthermore, there's also a pair of Oystercatchers nesting in the N-colony & incubating 3 eggs (typical clutch size) which have been coded as OC1 (I'll let you work that one out yourselves!). Both the Ringed Plover & Oystercatcher nests in the N-colony have been temporarily fenced off with flexi-net & marked with signposts to ensure that people or dogs don't trample the eggs.

Oystercatcher nest pics from last year © Niall Keogh

The 'big news' yesterday involved the finding of a SHORT-TOED LARK (rare vagrant from the Mediterranean) by yours truly along the coastal path between the N-colony & the railway track at midday. It was a lifer for me (a species I've never ever seen before) & the 1st record for Co. Wicklow apparently so needless to say I did a little victory dance on the beach!!! A great bird which showed very well at times. It moved up & down the beach between The Breaches & Six Mile Point (Newcastle) for most of the day and was seen right up to 20:00pm. It was successfully twitched by about 15 birders over the course of the afternoon/evening. No sign of it this morning though unfortunately.

More on the lark here: 

http://www.irishbirding.com/birds/web/Display/sighting/34002/Shorttoed_Lark.html

Short-toed Lark © Mick Boyle

Just got a phone call off my father literally 2 minutes ago to say there's a 2nd calendar-year Hobby flying about Six Mile Point, hunting! And I'm stuck in the office here writing this blog! TYPICAL!!! Anyways, in other news, the female Marsh Harrier continues to show well, usually hunting in & around Stringer's channels and was even seen circling high above the tern colony at one stage yesterday, almost looking like it was heading out to sea (scared the bejaysus out of the terns too!). A Quail flushed along the coastal path at Newcastle yesterday by local birder Pat King whilst on the way up to see the Short-toed Lark was an excellent find! A female Red-breasted Merganser flying south at sea yesterday was a notable record (scarce in Wicklow), 4 feral Greylag Geese were feeding on the fields inland whilst Water Rail, Willow Warbler & Snipe were all noted this morning and new for the project list so far this season. Other than that, the usual waders are still moving through, a male Kestrel has been hunting along the dunes & the Buzzard is still present inland from The Breaches.

The Otter put on a fine display this morning, fishing in The Breaches at 08:00am & there's now plenty of Common Blue butterflies on the wing along the dunes.


Right...I'm off for this Hobby!

See ya,

Niall

Windy Business!

The strong Southerly winds over the past few days have been hampering our efforts to get the fence up around the colony. Some sections keep blowing over & have had to be re-enforced with extra posts. This morning I woke up to find that last nights hide tide coupled with the easterly element of the wind had flattened the seaward section of fencing overnight, which is rather annoying to say the least! At least we know now how far we can extend the fencing down the beach whilst keeping it out of reach from the tides. The shape of the beach this year might present a bit of a problem as it is very low & the high tide mark is quite far up compared to other years meaning that the amount of safe breeding habitat for the terns is largely reduced.

Wind + fencing = tired wardens! © Niall Keogh

It seems that the terns are aware of this already as they have been sitting up high on the beach over the past few days. With any luck the terns will take the hint & change the layout of the colony so as it is long & thin, ensuring the majority of birds nesting will be well out of reach from particularly high tides or storms. There are now approximately 85 Little Terns present at the colony & again there's plenty of courting, display flights & sandeel passing being observed. Some birds have even been seen apparently prospecting for nest sites. No mating has been noted yet though so we're still not expecting eggs anytime soon (the average laying date is about the 19th May).

Female Little Tern (right) after receiving a Sandeel 'gift' from a courting male (left) © Niall Keogh
 

The northward Spring passage of waders continues with counts of 35 Dunlin, 33 Black-tailed Godwits, 13 Bar-tailed Godwits, 5 Whimbrel, 17 Turnstone, 8 Oystercatchers, a Common Sandpiper & a single Sanderling. Bird of Prey have been particularly prevalent also with singles of Buzzard, Sparrowhawk, Peregrine & Kestrel hunting the general area & even a female Marsh Harrier on Stringer's land on Sunday morning. Other noteworthy species over the past few days include a female White Wagtail, a Red-throated Diver, Manx Shearwaters, a Wheatear, 5 Little Egrets, 3 Shoveler, 2 Teal, Swift, a Grasshopper Warbler & 2 Stock Doves. A young Otter seen on Friday was a rare daytime sighting for this time of year (they usually go very nocturnal in summer around here).

A Ringed Plover on the beach yesterday evening. The small size, dark colouration to upperparts & state of moult suggest it is a migrant from an Arctic breeding population as opposed to one of our own local birds © Niall Keogh